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How does Bluetooth work?

Bluetooth connects devices wirelessly over short distances using low-power radio waves. Two devices 'pair', agree on a secure connection, and then exchange data — like audio to your earbuds — over the 2.4 GHz radio band.

See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how Bluetooth works.
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Step by step

  • 1It uses short-range radio waves around 2.4 GHz.
  • 2Devices 'pair' once, then reconnect automatically when nearby.
  • 3It's designed for low power, so it suits earbuds, watches, and keyboards.
  • 4Range is short (about 10 meters), trading distance for efficiency.

Frequently asked questions

How do Bluetooth devices connect?
They pair by exchanging keys once, then automatically reconnect over short-range radio when nearby.
What's the range of Bluetooth?
Typically around 10 meters, though it varies by device class and obstacles.
Why does Bluetooth use less power than Wi-Fi?
It's designed for short range and small amounts of data, so it can run on tiny batteries.

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