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Science

How do submarines work?

A submarine works by changing how much it weighs compared to the water it displaces. To dive, it floods special tanks with water to get heavier; to surface, it pushes that water out with compressed air to get lighter.

See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how submarines works.
▶ Watch the visual lesson

Step by step

  • 1Ballast tanks fill with water to make the sub dive.
  • 2Compressed air pushes water out to make it rise.
  • 3This controls buoyancy — whether it sinks or floats.
  • 4Propellers and fins steer and drive it through the water.

Frequently asked questions

How does a submarine dive and surface?
It floods ballast tanks with water to sink and blows them out with compressed air to rise.
What is buoyancy?
The upward force water exerts on an object; controlling it lets a sub float, hover, or sink.
How do submarines navigate underwater?
They use sonar, since light doesn't travel far underwater, to sense their surroundings.

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