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Mathematics

What is Standard deviation?

Standard deviation is a number that tells you how spread out data is around its average. A small standard deviation means values cluster close to the mean; a large one means they're scattered widely.

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Key things to understand

  • 1It measures how far data points typically sit from the average.
  • 2Low value = tightly clustered data; high value = widely spread.
  • 3It's the square root of the variance.
  • 4It's used everywhere from test scores to finance and quality control.

Frequently asked questions

What does standard deviation tell you?
How spread out a set of numbers is around their average value.
Is a high or low standard deviation better?
Neither is inherently better — it depends on context. Low means consistency; high means variety or risk.
How is standard deviation related to variance?
Standard deviation is the square root of the variance, putting the spread back into the data's original units.

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