Science
How does hydroelectric power work?
Hydroelectric power works by using falling or flowing water to spin turbines connected to generators. A dam holds back water; when released, the water's motion turns turbines that convert that energy into electricity.
See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how hydroelectric power works.
Step by step
- 1A dam stores water at height, giving it potential energy.
- 2Released water flows down and spins turbines.
- 3The turbines drive generators that produce electricity.
- 4It's renewable and low-carbon, but dams can disrupt ecosystems.
Frequently asked questions
- How does a dam generate electricity?
- Falling water spins turbines connected to generators, converting the water's energy into electricity.
- Is hydroelectric power renewable?
- Yes — it relies on the water cycle, which the sun keeps replenishing, with very low emissions.
- What are the downsides of hydropower?
- Dams can flood land, disrupt fish and ecosystems, and displace communities.