Science
How does a nuclear reactor work?
A nuclear reactor works by controlling a chain reaction of splitting atoms (fission) to release heat. That heat boils water into steam, which spins a turbine to generate electricity — much like a conventional power plant, but fueled by atoms instead of coal or gas.
See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how a nuclear reactor works.
Step by step
- 1Splitting uranium atoms (fission) releases large amounts of heat.
- 2Control rods absorb neutrons to keep the reaction steady and safe.
- 3The heat boils water into steam that spins a turbine and generator.
- 4It produces low-carbon power but creates radioactive waste.
Frequently asked questions
- How does a nuclear reactor make electricity?
- Fission heat boils water into steam, which spins a turbine connected to a generator.
- What do control rods do?
- They absorb neutrons to slow or speed the chain reaction, keeping it controlled and safe.
- What is nuclear waste?
- Leftover radioactive material from fission that must be safely stored for a long time.